Just and Sharp Revenge The Question of Underworld Justice in The Spanish Tragedy - Literature Essay Samples

Send him, quoth [Minos], to our infernal king, / To doom him as best seems his majesty (1.1.52-3). Nestled in the lengthy opening monologue by Don Andrea, these lines introduce the overarching question that Thomas Kyds The Spanish Tragedy seeks to answer the question of Don Andreas doom. In the underworld, Aeacus and Rhadamanth argue about Don Andreas fate, about whether he should spend his eternity walk[ing] with lovers in our fields of love, or if he must to martial fields (1.1.42, 47). While Don Andreas role in the play can easily be overlooked for the revenge plots taking place among the living characters, his importance should not be minimized. Don Andrea serves as the instigator and the Chorus for the revenge plots, which are all under the heading of his own revenge. Yet, if he is so important, why cant the underworld decide where he should spend eternity? Many episodes in the play suggest that the underworld operates as an inefficient system. The question is thus one of Kyds intentions: The Spanish Tragedy is either a well-intentioned but unflattering portrayal of the underworld, or a deliberate statement of its inefficiency. By questioning and exploring the fairness and efficiency of the underworld, this essay argues that the conflict surrounding Don Andreas fate positions the play as a critique of the dominant conception of the afterlife in sixteenth-century England. The most problematic representation of justice in the underworld occurs at the end of the play, when Don Andrea sentences all of his friends and enemies to their fates in the underworld. He asks if he may consort [his] friends in pleasing sort,/ And on [his] foes work just and sharp revenge and states his desire to be judge and doom them to unrest (4.5.15-6, 29-30). While the play is centered upon Don Andreas quest for revenge, it is unclear who or what gives him the authority to decide the fates of others, particularly the fates of those who were not involved in his death. While his acts against the characters who were directly involved in his death are legible as acts of revenge, it is less clear why Don Andrea assumes authority over the fates of those uninvolved. Kyd thus represents underworld justice as a system that is not based on impartiality: no character makes any objective judgment about the relationship between the characters morality and their eternal doom. When Don Andrea details how he will bestow sweet pleasure to eternal days on Bel-Imperia, Isabella, and Hieronimo (who commit murder, suicide, and both, respectively) and after he sadistically explains (in gruesome detail) his plan to damn the rest, Revenge simply assents, stating then haste we down to meet thy friends and foes:/ To place thy friends in ease, the rest in woes (4.5.24, 45-6). He assigns himself to execute Don Andreas will, without any evidence of ensuring the righteousness of his judgement. The play also calls into question the relationship between justice and revenge. Why is Don Andr ea even allowed to avenge his death at all? Why is he sent to Revenge? The texts main justification is that Don Andreas death was itself unjust, caused by young Don Balthazar with ruthless rage,/ Taking advantage of his foes distress (1.4.23-4). It may be relevant that Andrea was briefly prevented from entering the underworld as a result of his rites of burial not performed in a timely way, but later, Horatio gives a touching account of how he buried his dear friend (1.1.21). The only apparent objection to the justice of Andreas death is that Don Balthazar was unsportsmanlike in the murder. However, one must remember that Andreas death was on the battlefield, where everyone participates in conscious anticipation of their own murder. Andrea, after all, was not ambushed and killed as Horatio was, or even secretly poisoned as are so many characters in revenge plays. Andrea knew the stakes. The ambiguity surrounding Don Andreas fate compels readers to question the efficiency and utilit y of the underworld system. As Kyds sixteeth-century audience would expect to see the underworld depicted as the legitimate reality of the afterlife, it is provocative that the play presents the process of justice in the underworld as based on flimsy, even flippant judgements. For example, Pluto allowed Don Andreas fate to be decided by Proserpine, when she begged that only she might give [Don Andrea his] doom, to which Pluto was pleased, and sealed it with a kiss (1.1.79-80). The inherent foolishishness of the scenario Pluto determining a mans fate according to his lovers fancy casts doubt on the legitimacy of the underworld. How could such an indecisive and somewhat arbitrary system be functional? It is also significant that the roles Don Andrea occupies a lover and a soldier are not mutually exclusive. Yet, Kyd presents that duality as enough to cause confusion and indecision in the underworld, leaving Don Andrea without a determined fate. When the manner of [Don Andreas] li fe and death was discussed, Minos describes that he both lived and died in love,/ And for his love tried fortune of the wars,/ And by wars fortune lost both love and life, after which Rhadamanth and Aeacus argue over different interpretations (1.1.37-40). Could something as unremarkable as coexisting as a lover and a soldier be enough to unravel the system of the underworld? Of course, the argument between Rhadamanth and Aeacus over Don Andreas fate is not proof that his fate cannot be decided, for they did decide to send him to Pluto for sentencing. Yet the fact that Pluto does not take the decision seriously and allows Proserpines whim to decide his fate, as well as the fact that Don Andreas fate is still undisclosed at the end of the play implies that Don Andreas fate is in fact uncertain. The underworld is unable to understand Don Andreas character because he occupies the role of lover and fighter simultaneously. How can anyones fate be decided in such black and white terms? Tha t this question is what fuels the conflict over Don Andreas fate suggests that Kyd undermines the concept of underworld justice by portraying it as an inefficient method of determining ones eternal fate. The structure of the play itself alludes to the imperfection of the underworld. In particular, the play presents revenge as devastating and never-ending. For most of the characters, though death hath end their misery,/ [Revenge will] there begin their endless tragedy (4.5.47-8). That Don Andreas appetite for revenge is allowed to determine the fates of so many characters raises the possibility of an infinite regress. If Don Andrea can doom other characters after (and because of) his death, it follows that each character that dies will be given their own power to exact revenge in the afterlife, a situation which could lead to mass death and destruction. The plot of the play, therefore, depends on the idea of revenge as destructive and infinite after all, revenge causes the death of most of the characters yet the eternal fates of these characters are decided by their own vengeful behavior. The implication is that the underworld is unethical nature. By allowing the characters fates to be determined only by their actions in the revenge plot, their fates are reduced to nothing more than the likes and dislikes of Revenge and a vengeful Ghost. By allowing revenge a concept that the play has established as destructive determine the fates of the characters, Kyd undermines the ethical integrity of the underworld. In contrast to the religious, virtue-based afterlives that are the alternatives, it seems unlikely that Kyd would have endorsed a system that determines the fates of souls based on vicious revenge. Could Kyds criticism be directed at revenge, and not the underworld as a whole? The play-within-a-play, Soloman and Perseda, represents revenge that is executed through trickery and deceit. The play places a distinct emphasis on confusion and chaos: staged in fo ur different languages, Solomon and Perseda alludes to the Tower of Babel a biblical allegory that explains the discord between human groups. It is discord that also fuels revenge. The play illustrates the immoral and damaging nature of revenge. The mere fact that mortal revenge is not enough that revenge extends into the afterlife speaks to the unquenchable sadism of revenge itself and vengeful mortals. Yet, we must ask, why is the most vengeful character Don Andrea allowed to be the decisive, authoritative figure in the play? If the play is a criticism of revenge, Don Andrea would be the most damned of all. Yet in terms of his eternal fate, he seems to be the most privileged among the dead. Kyd uses his critique of revenge to demonstrate the injustice of the underworld. Ultimately, the unjust nature of the underworld in The Spanish Tragedy reflects a deep pessimism that permeates the plays action. After all, Kyd does not posit an alternative to the system of fate-decision i n the mythic underworld. Perhaps The Spanish Tragedys underworld represents the flawed system of human justice; perhaps Kyd does not believe in any afterlife. In either case, the instances of injustice in the underworld indicate that our lives and fates may very well be determined by a force that is arbitrary and unjust, if determined by anything at all. The corresponding clichÃÆ'Â ©, of course, is that fate is blind. The world that Kyd constructs in The Spanish Tragedy a world full of treachery, bloodthirsty avengers, murder and deceit suggests a rather bleak version of reality, in both life and the afterlife. If life can be so unjust, Kyd suggests, the eternal fate of humanity might be just as hopeless. Works CitedKyd, Thomas. The Spanish Tragedie. Ed. Emma Smith. London: Penguin Books, 1998.

Human Resource Management and Hr - 1030 Words

The report below sets out the importance of the HR function, explains how HR activities support the organisation’s strategy and ways HR support line managers and their staff. The HR Function is in a position to add value by proper formulation and implementations of the following activities and in turn support the organisation strategy. Recruitment and Selection Recruiting the wrong people can lead to a drop in productivity, lack of commitment, low morale, and rapid staff turnover, all of which can impact heavily on the bottom line. The Chartered Institute for Personnel and Development (CIPD) puts the cost of recruiting the wrong person at 2.5 times their annual salary, taking into account factors such as wasted salary benefits,†¦show more content†¦HR would ensure all performance issues are addressed and in a timely manner. Having HR support line managers and their staff is very important in that it plays an important part in ensuring the company achieves success. Advice Conflict in the workplace is inevitable in this day and age where employees represent many different cultures and personalities in the workplace. When such conflicts arise line managers seek advice from HR. Line Manages generally feel more confident in dealing with these kinds of conflict when they have direct access to HR support. HR will advise on performance management of staff. Advise managers on any disciplinary and grievance issues. Help with advising on how issues can be resolved amicably. Support Having a Human Resource function means there is always support for line managers when they need it. HR is there to guide in all aspects of employee development. Likewise if any employee wishes to address any concerns that they felt they could not address to their line manager HR can help resolve and aid in building those relationships. Support for Line managers and other staff in any grievance and or disciplinary process. Develop Human Resources function has an important role to play in coaching and working with line managers to help them to better understand all available tools at their disposal to develop and retain talent. Develop effective relationships and build on them. Help LineShow MoreRelatedHuman Resource Management ( Hr )1550 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Resource Management (HR) acts to serve a function which is aimed at maximizing the overall performance of a business and its employees in relation to the employer s set standards and strategic objectives. The primary focus of HR is concentrated upon the management of employees, and on the policies and systems within and outside the organisation. 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This is the main aspect that an organization focuses and aims to achieve in its daily operations. The organization has met challenges as it tries to sustain its performance. Productivity managem ent involves the process of monitoring and developing activities in an organization to ensure that there

ARF Essay - 748 Words

Decreased expression of ARF in human cancer Consistent with the findings in mice, frequent mutation or deletion of the ARF/INK4a in numerous human cancers was discovered (Refs. 41, 68, 69; Table 1). It is difficult, however, to assess the relative importance of p16INK4a and p14ARF individually in humans since mutation or deletion at the ARF/INK4a locus frequently affects both proteins (Ref. 8). Generally, exon 2 is the site of mutation, affecting either p16INK4a, p14ARF, or both proteins. Some of these exon 2 mutations alter ARF localization and affect its regulation of downstream target proteins (Refs. 71, 72). Silencing of the ARF gene promoter through hypermethylation is frequently observed in human cancers (Ref. 73) although the†¦show more content†¦78), which had been proved in a mouse model (Ref. 6). ARF overexpression in human cancer Silva et al. (Ref. 83) have performed a comprehensive analysis of the inactivation mechanisms (mutation, homozygous and hemizygous deletion, and promoter hypermethylation) in of 100 primary breast carcinomas. RT-PCR showed expression variable of the p14ARF transcript, with 17% overexpression and 26% decreased expression. No detectable alterations were observed in the majority of cases with overexpressed p14ARF mRNA, but 77% of tumors with decreased expression showed one or more of these genetic alterations (Ref. 83). A significant correlation was observed between decreased p14ARF expression and poor prognostic parameters. The same group later studied the inactivation mechanisms that alter the levels (Ref. 84). Furthermore, the interdependence of inactivation mechanisms was studied since it had been reported that p14ARF was altered in tumors in concordance with p16INK4a. They showed that promoter hypermethylation was the major mechanism of inactivation of these genes, which was present in 31% and 50% of the tumors that showed decreased p16INK4a and p14ARF expression, respectively. No detectable inactivation mechanisms were observed in tumors overexpressing p16INK4a or p14ARF. In conclusion, these tumor suppressor proteins were often co-altered in human breastShow MoreRelatedArf Case Study Essay2506 Words   |  11 PagesARF Case Study Acute Renal Failure Case Study Directions: Please carefully read the following case study and answer the following questions in typed format. The resources that you will need to complete this case study include your textbook and drug book. Please include in text citations. This independent assignment is worth 25 points. Ann Hayes, age 68, initially was admitted to the hospital for elective surgical repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. 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There are two classes of the kidney failure. The first one is acute renal failure which is abbreviated to (ARF) and the second one is chronic renal failure where can be shortened to (CRF). Gaw et al (2008) identified the differences between them as that the kidneys in acute kidney failure fail over a period of days or hours, while the chronic kidney failureRead MoreSoutheast Asian Nations ( Asean ) Essay1868 Words   |  8 PagesASEAN Summits, the ASEAN Foreign Ministers’ Meeting (AMM), and the ASEAN Defence Ministers’ Meetin g (ADMM). In 1994, the inaugural ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) was held and the meeting comprised ASEAN member states and sovereign states within the Asia-Pacific region that â€Å"has an impact on the peace and security of the geographical footprint of key ARF activities†. 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Tesco Marketing - 3555 Words

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The Compromise Of The Civil War - 972 Words

Without Compromise The issue with compromise is that it must give each party the sense they have won something or at least not suffer a total loss. Why then, did the Compromises of 1820 and 1850 not prevent the Civil War? Because neither set of laws directly addressed the right to own slaves. A country cannot have two sets of laws for two different regions. As we have seen with segregation and gay rights, deferring to states’ laws only works to delay addressing the issue at hand. While no one can say the Civil War was solely caused by the divisive issue of slavery, it is safe to say the North and South were polarized. The Civil War had to happen to force the country to stop compromising and declare a winner and a single set of rules to live by. In the beginning of the 19th century ,The United States was already equally divided between free states and slave holding states. The Compromise of 1820 was passed by Congress merely to keep The Union in equilibrium, not to resolve the issue of slavery. The 1820 Compromise created a line at 36’ 30’ latitude line that would determine a boundary for the Northern free and Southern slave holding states. This effectively permitted Missouri into The Union as a slave holding state and created Maine, from northern Massachusetts, as free state. Bringing the count of free and slave holding states to an even 24. As balance was struck it only stalled the issue and in 1854 the Kansas Nebraska Act, which asked the State to determine their stanceShow MoreRelatedThe Compromise Of The Civil War913 Words   |  4 Pagesto create a great compromise that would settle such issues. On January 29, 1850, Henry Clay has written a compromise and presented it to the Senate. The document consist ed of admitting California as a free-state, the formation of territorial governments, and the abolition of slavery. 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Such compromises included the Missouri Compromise, the Compromise of 1850, and the Crittenden Compromise. These compromises had intentions of defining where slavery was permitted and clarifying states’ rights. They were only temporary fixes to a more pressing issue. Between the Missouri Compromise and the Crittenden Compromise, a series of events changed the political atmosphere of the United States and prevented any more compromises on the institutionRead MoreThe Missouri Compromise And Events Leading Up Of The Civil War Essay1646 Words   |  7 PagesThe Missouri Compromise and events leading up to the Civil War were based mainly on slavery and the two conflicting viewpoints of the American people. The compromises involving slavery were only short-term solutions for a very long-term problem. The Civil War changed the foundation of America forever. The war was inevitable, and thus, the contrasting views between th e North and the South were bound to break out into warfare at some point. In February of 1819, Missouri applied for statehood in theRead MoreCompromise in the Pre-Civil War Era APUSH DBQ2135 Words   |  9 Pagesdeclaring its independence from Britain, America has developed on the foundation of compromise. Upon the drafting of the Constitution, the Founding Fathers were succumbed to compromise in order to incorporate the needs of the different parts of the nation. During the early eighteenth century, Americans achieved reconciliation of political disputes, predominately between the North and the South, through compromise. By 1860 this was no longer feasible and the nation was faced with disheartening threatsRead MoreBreak down of compromise between 1820 and 1860 leading to the civil war1471 Words   |  6 PagesHistory December 3, 2013 Analysis of the Compromise Breakdown from 1820 to 1860 Time periods of American history are analyzed closely to the extent that it is essential to understand the motives and basis for future events and to recognize social patterns. Among events that have affected the United States, immigrations, wars and political dispute are three of the chief categories that most directly affect the state of the nation as well as each other. The war class has been easily liked to both politicalRead MoreWhy the compromises from 1846~1861 failed to prevent the Civil War1133 Words   |  5 PagesThe compromises from 1846 to 1861 were, by their intentions, to postpone the struggle between the north and the south temporarily but not to solve it. The foundational problems, like the the slavery itself, the differences in social structure and economic system and the expansion of slavery, were left. The increasing struggle between the abolitionists and slave owners and between the newly formed Republican Party and the Democratic Party kept putting those ques tions in front of the US people. TheRead MoreEssay about An Inside Look at the American Civil War999 Words   |  4 PagesA civil war is a war between citizens of the same country. From 1861 to 1865, America was fighting its own civil war. The American Civil War began when several Southern slave states declared their secession. When they seceded, they formed the Confederate States of America which was also known as the confederacy. The states remaining were known as the Union. Before the Civil War, slaves were treated unfairly, like property, rather than people. One court case that proves this is the 1857 court caseRead MoreThe American Civil War962 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Civil War was one of the most devastating wars in America’s history. The war did not only divide the country, but it also divided families. There were a lot of things that led to the Civil War but, I believe the primary source of the North/South conflict that led to the Civil War was the issue o ver Free states vs. Slave states. The three political acts that helped this source of conflict led to the Civil War was The Missouri Compromise, The Compromise of 1850, and The Kansas-NebraskaRead MoreThe American Civil War1418 Words   |  6 PagesGuns fired, smoke lingering in the air, people dying. The American Civil War had a huge impact on the United States. Two compromises took place before the start of the Civil War. These compromises include the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850. The Missouri Compromise dealt with the crisis in 1819 over Missouri entering the Union as a slave state. The compromise was â€Å"the first major crisis over slavery, and it shattered a tacit agreement between the two regions that had been in place

AP World History, How to write CCOT Essay free essay sample

The spread of Buddhism and development of Neo-Confucianism represented cultural changes in China. Buddhist monasteries gained political and economic influence through acting as advisors to rulers and through generous grants of land. Empress Wu, a ruler during the Tang Dynasty, used Buddhist principles to rule and was considered a Bodhisattva by Buddhists. Pure Land Buddhism offered the promise of a better afterlife while Chen Buddhism emphasized meditation. The increased popularity of Buddhism in China was a result of the political and economic chaos following the decline of the Han. Buddhism was a salvation doctrine that offered succor to the poor and oppressed. Increasing numbers of sons in the gentry class dropped out of society and became monks, which led to an anti-Buddhist backlash during the Song period. Chinese leadership transitioned from the Han through the Tang. After the fall of the Han there was a period of disunity and chaos called the Three Kingdoms period. We will write a custom essay sample on AP World History, How to write CCOT Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Eventually, the Sui asserted their rule, building the Grand Canal and invading Korea and Japan. When the Sui fell due to overexpansion, the Tang took power and established a cosmopolitan rule, extending Chinese territory over the Silk Road and integrating central Asian cultural elements such as Polo and wearing pants. The fall of the Han was caused primarily by pressure from outside invaders on China’s Northwest border – the Great Wall proved ineffective. The re-establishment of dynastic rule resulted from core Chinese values inherent in the Dynastic Cycle and Mandate of Heaven. The effects of the Fall of the Han and subsequent rise of the Sui and Tang Dynasties was cultural change as outside cultures influenced China, including the influence of Indian Buddhism and central-Asian nomadic culture. Confucianism was a cultural continuity throughout the time period. The Han had established the Confucian exam system although test-taking was limited to members of the elite. Under the Sui and Tang the examination system became an important way to establish merit-based government, and examinees were responsible for memorizing and analyzing the Confucian classics. Confucianism and later neo-Confucianism clearly defined the relationship between husband and wife, as evidenced in the â€Å"Three Submissions† women were supposed to obey. Even during the heyday of Buddhist influence, Confucian ideals about the family and roles in society influenced many or the elite and peasant class. Ultimately, Confucianism re-asserted itself in the form of Neo-Confucianism, which incorporated elements of Daoism and Buddhism, and Buddhist influence was squelched. As a result Buddhism is a tiny minority religion in China today, while Confucian values continued through later dynasties. Globally, salvation religions were spreading rapidly during this period as classical empires fell and insecurity became widespread. Christianity was similarly making headway Western Europe, as the collapse of the Roman Empire led to chaos and disruption.

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Question: Explain about Leadership and Responsibility. Answer: Introduction I have seen that various people have various habits and some of them are unique to them. Habits of people are influenced by various factors. These factors range from social, cultural, legislative, environmental, business and others (Besieux et al. 2015). It is seen that habits are the behaviours that occur subconsciously in people and this is a routine behaviour for them, which occurs repeatedly (Walker 2014). Habits are developed by people based on the imagination, environmental factors, their character traits, communication, synergize and utilising the greatest assets one posses (Nowell et al. 2016). The book, Stephen Coveys The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People gives me an idea about all these factors that influence the habit of the people. There seven habits are given in this textbook and I will explore these factors in context of my experience and interest. In this assignment, I will give my views of agreement and disagreement and the values of the habits in personal and professional life. Discussion Habit 1: This habit indicates the nature of a person. According to the book, I have seen it states life of a person is designed by him and his choices. Everything in life cannot just happen (Kalshoven et al. 2013). The happiness, decisiveness, ambivalence, success that happens in our life are all by our choices. However, I disagree in this context. This is because; we do not choose success, happiness, decisiveness, or ambivalence. Situation leads to this type of choices. We experience different types of incidents throughout our life (Sugrue 2015). These incidents lead to choice of the decision and it becomes a habit of the peoples to have a similar choice under the same situation in the near future. There are two kinds of people, proactive and reactive. I agree to this fact as I have seen in my personal life and professional life that some people reject easy tasks stating that I can't, I have to, if only and other negative views (Nemerowicz and Rossi 2014). They are the reactive people who ch oose the option to be reactive. Some people like to take up challenges and they prefer the language of I can, I have, I will and so on (Kalshoven et al. 2013). They focus on their given job and utilize their time to have a productive output from the job. In my workplace and personal, I have found both the proactive and reactive people. The former one was found to focus on the issues they can mend and put on their effort on their circle of influence, while the later one focuses mainly on the problems that cannot be mended, as they have no control over them (Chenoweth and Theokas 2013). Habit 2: The author had mentioned about the habit of imagination in the second habit that leads to effectiveness of the people. He had said that everything is created twice, first is the mental creation and the second is the physical creation. The power of imagination leads to the success of physical creation (Besieux et al. 2015). I completely agree to this fact as anything, which is well imagined and planned, is already half done. Imagining and planning a situation gives us an idea about the path of success of the work. Following this path would show us the light of success and it would be highly effective to perform the task. I have seen that highly effective people first frame put their plans and based on this imagination, they proceed to reach to their success (Kalshoven et al. 2013). This also helps us to focus on our goals and give a reality to our ideas that we think of. I have seen that in my professional life, the things, which I had planned and imagined first after getting the assi gnment, had worked out well than the unplanned ones. Thus, having a blue print of the work we will perform will always give us better guidelines to perform our work and succeed in it. The people, who have this habit of imagination, succeed more than the people who lack this habit. Habit 3: This habit is defined as the physical creation that comes after the nature of a person and the imaginations and plans about the works to be done. We come across various types of works, which are equally important at a point of time. However, we need to prioritize the importance and proceed with the tasks accordingly (Nowell et al. 2016). Giving proper priority to the proper works is a healthy habit for any person to be highly effective. It is important for us to live a healthy and balanced lifestyle. This essential will be provoked by the adapting to the habit of recognising the right task at right time and not by overextending ourselves (Eden 2013). This also promotes time management and organising the work as per our personal priorities that we have imagined and planed according to our habits (Nemerowicz and Rossi 2014). I have seen at my workplace and in personal life that people who can prioritise their work and give priority to the things that they find is worthy, comes out to b e highly effective people (Besieux et al. 2015). They succeed in their life and hardly face any hindrance to complete their work within the allocated time. Thus, the habit of putting the first thing at first place is an effective habit, which would help us to reach our goals within the given time with ease and minimal effort. Habit 4: This habit of effective people shows the positive attitude of the person towards success. In this habit it is seen that the person thinks about the mutual benefit of all those who are involved in the project. He does not think of getting the lions share of the profit for himself or prays for the loss of his competitor (Besieux et al. 2015). I have seen that the people with these types of habits are matured, have abundance mentality and they stick to their true feelings. I agree to this fact about the people having the habit of think win-win (Horton 2013). They think about the well being and profit of all the people surrounding them and do not have the mentality of failing someone in order to gain success. I have found these people are broad minded and they have the feelings of courage and consideration for others. They help others to reach their goals and encourage them to succeed (Kalshoven et al. 2013). This in turn turns beneficial for them as they gain support and trust of other people, who also helps him to climb the ladder of success and be effective (Dubrin 2015). Thus, this habit is an important habit for any person to be successful and they have the essence of maturity by providing a balance between courage and consideration. Habit 5: This habit is an important habit for a person to be highly effective person. The habit of listening to other people and understanding them is an important habit of a person that helps him to bond with other persons. We live in a world where rat race has become an important criterion for survival (Du et al. 2015). We have minimal time for others and we remain busy to utilise the available time to improve ourselves. However, this leads us to lose the trust and concern of many people as we do not listen to them and we could not interpret their problems correctly to help them out. Thus, the habit of understanding people first and then demand others to understand ourselves is an important habit in order to gain success in life. We sometimes, though listen to others, but interpret them in our own perspective (Nowell et al. 2016). We tend to listen autobiographically and respond to them either evaluating or probing or advising or interpreting. This habits leads to misinterpretation of the p roblems and the solution comes out to be a different one (Chenoweth and Theokas 2013). Thus, the habit of listening to others minutely and carefully is important in order to gain the trust of others and get their help when needed. I agree that the habit of skilled communication is very important to achieve the title of highly effective people (Nowell et al. 2016). The habit of proper communication leads to judging the person correctly, interrogate them in their frame of reference, give them advice and solution according to their problems and motivate them as they need. This habit of skilful communication is important to build a high level of trust in our relationship and not to have a autobiographic respond for any problems (Ciulla 2014). Thus, communication is an important habit that enhances the effectiveness of any person in both personal and professional front (Kalshoven et al. 2013). Habit 6: The habit of synergy is another important habit for a person to be highly effective in life. This habit aims to the concept of teamwork where the more the number of heads for a work, the better would be the work. Performing any teamwork adds zest to life and it helps to solve the problems easily. The habit of performing teamwork for any project helps to give better ideas to the problem (Besieux et al. 2015). This leads to better solution of the problem and it helps in time management. However, the habit of synergy does not happen on its own. This habit develops in people if they are broad minded and they value the mental, emotional and psychological differences of their team members. This difference of the characteristics of the team members must be seen as the strength of the team and not its weakness (Kalshoven et al. 2013). I have come across various situations in both personal and professional front where teamwork proved to be an effective solution to the problems. I came across various problems in life where there were cost constraints and time constraints. These constraints had made the job further difficult. Teamwork came to the rescue of this problem (Nowell et al. 2016). I gained new experiences and they gained new insight. Teamwork lead to increase in new approaches and this eventually solved our problems with ease. Thus, the habit of synergize is an important part of highly effective people and this helps to explore new ideas and experience new methods of problem solving. Habit 7: The habit of sharpen the saw is an important habit in order to be successful in life. This habit aims to renew oneself and have a balanced programme in life in context of physical, social, mental and spiritual aspect. Relaxation and self-renewal is needed in order to regain the energy to perform well. This habit helps to take up challenges and increase the capacity to produce and handle these challenges (Barna 2013). I agree with this habit of sharpen the saw as feeling good is an important aspect to perform well in both the personal and professional front. Pampering oneself mentally and physically is important for relaxation (Chenoweth and Theokas 2013). We need to revitalize ourselves in order to perform better in our work and avail the new opportunities that we get every day. Conclusion It is seen that there are various habits that are performed by different people under various situations. These habits develops which a person faces similar situation under same circumstances and it leads to the solution of the problem. Habits are performed unintentionally. The book reveals about seven different habits of people and these habits are found to be true in my real life. These habits are highly effective for a person to be successful in his life. The habit of good communication, performing teamwork, being a proactive person in life, framing a plan to perform the work and work according to the plan are important criteria for a person to succeed in life. The habit of positive thinking and the habit of having a balance in life are also important for a effective and successful life. Reference Barna, G., 2013.The power of team leadership: Achieving success through shared responsibility. Waterbrook Press. Besieux, T., Baillien, E., Verbeke, A.L. and Euwema, M.C., 2015. What goes around comes around: The mediation of corporate social responsibility in the relationship between transformational leadership and employee engagement.Economic and Industrial Democracy, p.0143831X15614914. Chenoweth, K. and Theokas, C., 2013. How High-Poverty Schools Are Getting It Done.Educational leadership,70(7), pp.56-59. Ciulla, J.B. ed., 2014.Ethics, the heart of leadership. ABC-CLIO. Du, S., Swaen, V., Lindgreen, A. and Sen, S., 2013. The roles of leadership styles in corporate social responsibility.Journal of business ethics,114(1), pp.155-169. Dubrin, A., 2015.Leadership: Research findings, practice, and skills. Nelson Education. Eden, D., 2013. Pygmalion Training Made Effective: Greater Mastery Through Augmentation of Self-Efficacy and Means Efficacy** This article is based on the thesis submitted by Roni Sulimani as part of the requirements for his masters degree in organizational behavior at Tel Aviv Universitys Faculty of Management. Dov Eden served as thesis advisor. The Lilly and Alejandro Saltiel Chair in Corporate Leadership and Social Responsibility and the Israel Institute of Business Research supported part of Dov Edens work on ....Transformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead 10th Anniversary Edition (Monographs in Leadership and Management, Volume 5) Emerald Group Publishing Limited,5, pp.337-358. Horton, E.S., 2015, November. Leadership in Nursing Education: The Development of a University-Based, Interprofessional, Chronic Wound Clinic Model that Provides Clinical Leadership, Evidence-Based Healthcare and Excellence in Clinical Education. In43rd Biennial Convention (07 November-11 November 2015). STTI. Kalshoven, K., Den Hartog, D.N. and de Hoogh, A.H., 2013. Ethical leadership and followers' helping and initiative: The role of demonstrated responsibility and job autonomy.European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology,22(2), pp.165-181 Nemerowicz, G. and Rossi, E. eds., 2014.Education for leadership and social responsibility. Routledge. Nowell, B., Izod, A.M., Ngaruiya, K.M. and Boyd, N.M., 2016. Public Service Motivation and Sense of Community Responsibility: Comparing Two Motivational Constructs in Understanding Leadership Within Community Collaboratives.Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, p.muv048. Sugrue, C., 2015. PerformingLeadership: Professional Responsibility in a Climate of Accountability. InUnmasking School Leadership(pp. 201-225). Springer Netherlands. Walker, J.W., 2014. Mississippi library leadership institute: An overview.Mississippi Libraries,77(3). Wu, L.Z., Kwan, H.K., Yim, F.H.K., Chiu, R.K. and He, X., 2015. CEO ethical leadership and corporate social responsibility: A moderated mediation model.Journal of Business Ethics,130(4), pp.819-831.